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Nachname: Hinderks Vornamen: Tebbe |
Geschlecht: männlich  |
Besucher:
Tebbe Hinderks (I36442)
Besucher:
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  Verwandtschafts-Ereignisse | |
| Universelle Identifikationsnummer (UID) | 4A5640B2C5ECCE47AC5EB93149B2EE134885 |
| Letzte Änderung | 30. Juni 2006 - 17:03:38 |
 Anmerkung |
The nobility and wealthy land owners were the first to begin using surnames. Merchants and townspeople then adopted the custom, as did the rural population. This process took two or three centuries. In most of Germany, the practice of using surnames was well established by the 1500s with the excpetion of the Jews, Rabbinical Jews such as Cohen, Levy and Israel are the exception. In the early 1800's Jews of Europe were required to take surnames. Before the 1800s, the use of a family name by Jews was left to the discretion of the individual. Jews in Germany followed the custom of using only a given name and the name of the father, such as Isaac, son of Abraham. Most Jews did not adopt hereditary family names until required to do so by law. In 1790 Baden was the first German state to require fixed surnames. Preußen issued an edict on 11 March 1812 that required that permanent family names be adopted within six months. Compulsory surname laws were enacted in the German states of Bayern and Mecklenburg in 1813 and 1814. By the 1820s, most small German states had extended civil rights to Jews and required them to adopt surnames. Napoleon order all familes of Ostfriesland to take surnames by 1811 in 1810. During a period known as the Enlightenment when many Jews became Christians. The Kruse family appears to have not converted during the enlightenment. It appears that as late as 1818, they were Jewish as they still had no surname. However, there were some Gentile families in Ostfriesland that had no surname at the time Names could be derived from places, famous buildings, trades, animals.. Patronymic, based on a parent's name, such as Johann Petersohn (son of Peter). Occupational, based on the person's trade, such as Johann Weber (weaver). Descriptive or nickname, based on a unique quality of the person, such as Johann Langbein (long leg). Geographical, based on a person's residence, such as Johann Schlesier (a person from Schlesien). A carpenter that spoke High German might take the name Zimmerman while others that spoke a different variation of German might take the name Tischler, a man that farmed cabbage and spoke High German might take the name Kohl but if he spoke Low German he might take the name Buskohl. People of the Hanover and Leer areas (North Sea) spoke Low German. People on the Baltic Sea coast spoke High German. Many Jews from Schwerin took that as their surname, some families from Koepplin took the name Koplin, Kopplin, and Koepplin. We believe this to be the origin of the US surname Coplien. Before coming to America, it was Kopplin. Michael Kopplin spoke High German where Kopplin would be pronounced Koe-Plean. The Kruse line appears to have used Patronymic. Patronymics: The use of patronymic names was prevalent in the Schleswig-Holstein and Ostfriesland areas in northern Germany. Patronymic names changed with each generation. For example, Hans Petersen was a son of a man named Peter. If Hans had a son Jens, the son was known as Jens Hansen (son of Hans). Tebbe may have had other children but chances are, if they were already married and with children by 1810, they did not take the surname as their siblings. It should be noted that for years Forreston, Ogle IL celebrated Sauerkraut Days. It is said this was due to the fact that so many families from the area grew cabbage. The surname Buskohl and its derivatives arrived in Bailyville about the same time as the Donkers and Kruse familes. They were related to the Kruse families of Ostfriesland (Leer) before coming to America. It is noted that during WWII most areas of Leer and Hanover were spared from bombings. These are the areas where the Kruse and Donker families were born. In 1744 Ostfriesland was annexed by Prussia. In 1867 the region was subdivided into districts, and the districts of Leer and Weener were established. In 1932 these two districts were merged. After WWII, Ostfriesland became part of Holland. Immigrants from Ostfriesland would often say they were from Leer on the US census as opposed to Prussia or Germany and immigrants for Hanover would state that rather than Prussia or Germany. This is because they still saw those areas as independant counties. Perhaps being spared multiple bombings is why records for the Kruse family still exist. Chances are not many headstones would be found. Hitler used the headstones of Jews to pave roads. Larger monuments were crumbled and used as gravel. Not many headstones and monuments of Jewish graves were spared. There were 3 people with variations of the Kruse name on the Displaced Persons From Bergen-Belsen to Sweden - 24 July 1945 list . Prior to WWI, known Jewish families of Kruse with spelling variations including Krause were prominent in Prussian province's of Hanover, Leer, Katowice, Poznan, Bydgoszcz, Opole, Olsztyn, and Wroclaw. Chances are they were in other areas as well but most records in Germany were destroyed. More information of Jewish naming traditions and surname origins can be found at http://www.jewfaq.org/jnames.htm |
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Familie mit Taalke Frerks |
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